Μετρό της Στοκχόλμης : Η μεγαλύτερη γκαλερί τέχνης στον κόσμο
Ταξιδεύοντας με το μετρό της Στοκχόλμης είναι σαν να ταξιδεύεις μέσα σε μια συναρπαστική ιστορία που εκτείνεται από τα καλλιτεχνικά δρώμενα της δεκαετίας του 1950 ως και σήμερα. Οι 90 από τους 100 σταθμούς του μετρό είναι διακοσμημένοι με γλυπτά, ψηφιδωτά, πίνακες ζωγραφικής, εγκαταστάσεις, χαρακτικά και ανάγλυφα , έργα περίπου 150 καλλιτεχνών.
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Underground travel in Stockholm goes back a long way.
There were two tram lines running in tunnels between Slussen and
Skanstull as early as 1933. The first “proper” underground train line –
between Slussen and Hokarangen – was opened in 1950, but it took another
seven years before the first artworks were installed. [Source]
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In the Stockholm of the 1950s artists Vera Nilsson and
Siri Derkert were the prime movers behind the campaign to bring art to
the Metro. On 18 April 1955 two motions on art in the Metro were
submitted to Stockholm City Council in quick succession, the fi rst by
the Left Party, the second by the Social Democratic Party. The motions
attracted cross-party support and work was able to begin. [Source]
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Many of the 1950s stations were designed by Peter
Celsing. He was the chief architect of the Stockholm Tramways,
Stockholm’s Sparvagar, from 1948 to 1952 but is probably better known as
the architect behind Kulturhuset, Riksbanken and Filmhuset. [Source]
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Most of the 1960s stations were built below ground, with
only a few above ground. 1960s stations that incorporated art from day
one include Ostermalmstorg, Mariatorget, Hornstull and Malarhojden.
Stations that gained art at a later date, but whose architecture is
typical of the 1960s, include Zinkensdamm and Aspudden. [Source]
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Instead of cladding the rock in concrete, as during the
1960s, in the 1970s the approach was to cover the rock face with a layer
of sprayed concrete 7 to 8 cm thick. The water was drained away in
pipes behind the concrete. The sprayed concrete follows the shape of the
rock, giving an illusion of a station in a cave. The first station to
be built using this method, Masmo, was completed at the end of 1971 and
began to be used in 1972. [Source]
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The typical Metro art of the 1970s included stations
designed as a coherent whole, with artists working in long-term
partnerships with architects and engineers to create complete
environments rather than individual artworks. 1970s stations include
Rådhuset, Kungsträdgården, Solna centrum, Näckrosen, Alby, Bergshamra,
Rinkeby and Tensta. [Source]
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An important part of SL’s work is to focus on art that is
being created now, today. In many cases this is art created by artists
who use techniques that would not survive long-term in the tough
environment of the Metro – graphics, drawings, paintings and textiles.
SL also wants to give more artists the opportunity to show their work in
the public space of the Metro, despite no new stations currently being
built. Therefore in six of the stations the temporary art is replaced 1 –
4 times a year. [Source]
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